California Teachers Association (CTA) president Barbara Kerr says that her powerful union opposes second-grade testing so that “teachers have the time to help our youngest students achieve the knowledge and skills required to meet the state’s rigorous academic content standards — instead of wasting time preparing children for age-inappropriate tests.” Yet, the effective practices of high-performing schools and the bulk of empirical research show that testing young students is exactly what ensures their acquisition of standards-based knowledge and skills.